Science and technology

Vocabulary 

Science and technology vocabulary

This is a list of vocabulary items related to science and technology for English learners.

Technhology:

1. The application of science, especially to industrial or commercial objectives.
2. The scientific method and material used to achieve a commercial or industrial objective.

Science:

1.The observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of phenomena.
2.Knowledge, especially knowledge that is gained through experience.

Scientific discipline:

A particular branch of scientific knowledge such as social science, natural science, mathematics ...

Scientific / technological advances:

There have been enormous scientific and technological advances in the last decade.

Computer age:

The current era as characterized by the development, applications, and socio-political consequences of computer technology.

Computer addiction:

An obsessive addiction to computer use sometimes known as Dependency.
"Spending too much time in front of the computer can lead to computer addiction."

Technological tools:

"Technological tools such as the computer,robot, telescopes, space crafts, nuclear energy, satellite... have changed our life styles."

Information / communication technology:

The development, installation, and implementation of computer systems and applications.
"Information technology can be a valuable means of development."

Space technology:

Space technology is related to entering space, maintaining and using systems during flights and returning people and things from space.

Scientific experiments:

A method of investigating particular types of research questions or solving particular types of problems. The experiment is a cornerstone in the empirical approach to acquiring deeper knowledge about the world and is used in both natural sciences as well as in social sciences. An experiment is defined, in science, as a method of investigating less known fields, solving practical problems and proving theoretical assumptions.
" More sophisticated technologies are necessary for scientific experiments."

Digital divide:

The gap between those with regular, effective access to digital and information technology, and those without it."It's alarming to see that the digital divide between the poor countries and the rich countries is getting deeper and deeper.

 Functions

Certainty and Uncertainty

EXPRESSING CERTAINTY

When you are sure that something will or will not happen in the future, use these expressions. For example to the question:"Will John pass the exam?" you may respond as follows:

							absolutely sure
			I'm				quite sure			he will.
							certain
	Yes,						positive
			definitely.
			certainly.
			of course.
	or
					absolutely sure
		I'm			quite sure				he won't.
					certain
	No,				positive
		definitely not.
		certainly not.
		of course not.

EXPRESSING UNCERTAINTY

When you are not sure whether something or someone will or will not happen, use the following expressions. For example, to the question:

Well	it's possible, it's impossible, it might be, it might not be, it could happen,
	You never know of course, no one can know for certain. I can't tell you for sure.
I suppose,	but	I wouldn't like to say for certain. I'm not sure I doubt it. I have my own doubts. It’s doubtful. It's highly / very unlikely

GRAMMAR

Conditional Sentences

1. REVIEW

CONDITIONAL TYPE O:

·         When, if + simple present + simple present

·         Facts, a scientific truth

·         Example: If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.

CONDITIONAL TYPE 1:

·         If + simple present + simple future

·         Possible in the future

·         Example:  If I meet my friend, we’ll go to the café

(I may meet my friend; It is probable, but I’m not sure)

CONDITIONAL TYPE 2:

·         If + simple past + would + verb

·         Unreal present, imaginary situation

·         Example: If I were rich, I would travel around the world

(I’m not rich. It is unlikely that I travel around the world)

CONDITIONAL TYPE 3:

·         If + past perfect + would +have + past participial

·         Unreal past

·         Example: If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam

( I didn’t pass the exam because I didn’t work hard)

2. PRACTICE

Put the verbs between brackets in the correct form

1.      If I (wake up) _______________early, I’ll go jogging.

2.      He (visit) _______________his uncle, if he finishes early.

3.      If she had taken care of her son, he (not/become) _______________a criminal.

4.      If I were a star, I (help) _______________the poor.

5.      She would have been top of her class if she (work) _______________hard.

6.      If he (be) _______________ careful, he would not have had that terrible accident.

7.      I (pass) _______________the exam if I had worked hard .

8.      Her father would not have died, if he (see) _______________to the doctor earlier.

Rewrite these sentences as suggested

1.      He was careless. That’s why, he had that terrible accident.

If…

2.      I can’t buy a new computer because I don’t have enough money. If…

3.      He missed the train because he was late.

If…

4.      She didn’t attend the conference because she was pregnant. If…

5.      He died because they didn’t rescue him on time. If…

تصنيف : انجليزية