Brain Drain:

Vocabulary 

This is a list of vocabulary items related to brain drain

Brain:

a. The portion of the head which is the primary center for the regulation and control of bodily activities, receiving and interpreting sensory impulses, and transmitting information to the muscles and body organs. It is also the seat of consciousness, thought, memory, and emotion.
b. Intellectual ability; mind: a dull brain; a quick brain.
c. Intellectual power; intelligence. Often used in the plural: "he has brains and good looks."
d. A highly intelligent person."He's such a brain"

Brain drain:

A large emigration of individuals with technical skills or knowledge, normally due to conflict, lack of opportunity, political instability, or health risks.

Human capital flight:

Another terminology for brain drain. It is a parallel of capital flight which refers to the same movement of financial capital. It describes the emigration of "scientists and technologists" to North America and Europe from different developing countries.

Brain training:

Preparing highly skilled people needed for the development of a country. Brain training is related to an economic cost since training is sponsored by the government.

Brain gain:

Brain gain occurs when there is a large-scale immigration (as opposed to emigration) of technically qualified persons. We can talk of highly skilled people coming to Canada as brain gain as opposed to brain drain which refers to the act of leaving their home country.

Brain exchange:

When the highly skilled people leave a country they are replaced by others coming from other countries. This exchange usually happens between developed countries.

Brainless:

Stupid. "A brainless idiot."

Brainy:

Clever. "She's a brainy child."

Emigration:

When someone leaves a country permanently and go to live in another one:
"Millions of Germans emigrated from Europe to America in the nineteenth century."
The person who emigrates is an emigrant.

Immigration:

When someone comes to live in a different country.
There are strict limits on immigration (into the country)
The person who immigrates is an immigrant.

Highly-qualified:

Highly skilled, technically qualified people.

Developing country:

A poor or non industrial country that is seeking to develop its resources by industrialization. It has a relatively low standard of living, an undeveloped industrial base, and a moderate to low Human Development Index (HDI) score.

Developed country:

A country advanced in industrial capability, technological sophistication, and economic productivity. Modern terms synonymous with the term developed country include: "industrialized countries, more developed countries (MDC) more economically developed countries(MEDC), advanced country or post-industrial country."

Functions 

Expressing Wish and Regret

EXPRESSING WISH

Form:

If only / I wish + simple past

Example:

If only I had a million dollar. (I don’t a million dollar and I would like to be a millionaire)

Use:

·         To express a wish in the present or in the future.

·         The simple past here is an unreal past.

·         When you use the verb to be the form is “were”.

Example:

I wish I were rich!

EXAMPLES

·         I wish I lived in San Francesco.

·     If only I traveled to Australia.

EXPRESSING REGRET

Form:

If only / I wish + past perfect

Example:

If only I had passed the exam. (I didn't work hard, so I didn’t pass the exam.)

Use:

·         To express a regret.

·         The action is past.

EXAMPLES

·         I wish I had been careful while driving.

·         If only I had told him the truth.

Grammar

 Relative Clauses

Relative clauses

Relative Clauses are used to provide extra information. This information can either:

·         define something (defining clause),

Example:

The man who is wearing a black jacket is a police officer.

·         or provide unnecessary, but interesting information (non-defining clause).

Example:

Lady Gaga, who is a famous singer, is appreciated by a lot of teenagers.

Relative clauses can be introduced by:

1.   A relative pronoun: who, whom, which, that, whose.

Example: "The man who is standing there is a famous writer."

2.   A relative adverb: where, why and when.

Example: " The restaurant where I have dinner is nice."

3.   None of them.

Example: "The man I met is extremely wealthy"

Relative Pronouns

who - subject or object pronoun for people They arrested the man who broke into the bank.
which - subject or object pronoun  I read the book which is you had told me about. 
which - referring to a whole sentence They offered me help which I appreciated a lot.

whom - used for object pronoun for people, especially in non-restrictive relative clauses (in restrictive relative clauses use who) The girl whom you showed me yesterday joined our club.

that - subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in restrictive relative clauses (who or which are also possible) I like the poem that you wrote.

 Relative adverbs

where - referring to a place The café where I usually go is nice.

when - referring to a time Valentine’s Day is a day when lovers exchange gifts. 
why - referring to a reason This is why I wrote this book.

Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun?

You can distinguish subject and object pronouns as follows:

·         If the relative pronoun is not followed by a noun or pronoun, it is a subject pronoun. Subject relative pronouns can never be omitted (dropped.)

Example: The apple which is lying on the table is sweet. The teacher who lives next door is nice.

NOT The apple is lying on the table is sweet. The teacher lives next door is nice.

·         If the relative pronoun is followed by a noun or pronoun, the relative pronoun is an object pronoun. Object relative pronouns can be omitted (dropped) in restrictive (defining) relative clauses.

Example: The film (which) we watched yesterday was fantastic.

The writer (who/whom) we met last weekend is very famous.

تصنيف : انجليزية